The Drake Group: Advancing Positive Legislative Change in College Athletics

The Drake Group Releases National State-by-State Database of Athletics Name, Image, and Likeness Legislation

The Drake Group Releases National State-by-State Database of Athletics Name, Image, and Likeness Legislation

The purpose of updating the 2021 database created by The Drake Group is to provide legislative policymakers, athletics administrators, and college athletes with current knowledge of state laws related to NIL and other third-party employment. School administrators need to understand what laws require in their own states and the states where their teams compete, to best guide their student-athletes, especially when … Read more

Press Release: The Drake Group Urges Members of Congress to Oppose the SCORE Act and Support the College Athletics Reform Act as an Alternative

WESTPORT, CT — December 1, 2025. Kassandra Ramsey, President of The Drake Group (TDG), a 501(c)(4) non-profit academic think tank working to further the education of the U.S. Congress and higher education policymakers about critical issues in intercollegiate athletics, issued the following statements concerning two bills being considered by Congress. Statement Opposing H.R. 4312 the … Read more

The Drake Group Issues Congressional Briefing Paper: “Computation of Title IX Compliance Under the Terms of the House v. NCAA Settlement.”

On July 28, 2025, The Drake Group issued a Congressional Briefing Paper, “Computation of Title IX Compliance Under the Terms of the House v. NCAA Settlement.” in response to multiple requests from U.S. House and Senate staff members who have queried The Drake Group concerning this topic. Kassandra Ramsey, President of the Drake Group, issued the following statement: … Read more

Press Release- The Drake Group Releases Comments Critical of the SCORE Act, July 14, 2025

The latest draft of the SCORE Act was released on July 10 in preparation for this week’s markup in the U.S. House of Representatives Energy & Commerce subcommittee. Since the bill would, in effect, formalize the recently approved but contested NCAA v. House settlement as current law (seven appeals have been filed so far) and … Read more

The Drake Group Report: An Analysis of Objections to the Proposed Settlement of College Athlete NIL Litigation (aka House/Carter v. NCAA and Power Five conferences)

On March 24, 2025, The Drake Group released this major report analyzing the objections to the proposed settlement of major antitrust cases that would profoundly change intercollegiate athletics. The purpose of the report was to give members of Congress, higher education and college athletics stakeholders, and the general public, greater insight into the nature of Settlement … Read more

The Drake Group Applauds the 2025 “Fair Play for Women Act”

On February 5, 2025, National Girls and Women in Sports Day, U.S. Senator Christopher Murphy (CT-D) and U.S. Representative Alma Adams (NC-12-D) introduced the Fair Play for Women Act in the 119th Congress. Kassandra Ramsey, President of The Drake Group, issued the following statement: “The Drake Group applauds the Senator Murphy/Representative Adams team for stepping up to … Read more

The Drake Group Endorses 2024 GAO Report Detailing Title IX Enforcement Failures

In April 2024, the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) released a report, “College Athletics: Education Should Improve Its Title IX Enforcement Efforts.” The GAO found that 93 percent of all intercollegiate athletic programs were not offering athletics opportunities to females proportional to their percentage in the full-time undergraduate student body. The overall athletic participation rate … Read more

The Drake Group Releases Congressional Briefing Paper and Calls for the Establishment of a Presidential Commission to Examine the Conduct of College Athletics

On July 11, 2024, David C. Hughes, Ph.D., President of The Drake Group, announced the release of the organization’s preliminary assessment of the proposed settlement of three major antitrust lawsuits against the NCAA and its five most powerful Division I conferences (Power Five conferences). Under the framework and details that have been announced by the … Read more

The Drake Group Offers An Educational Sport Framework for the NCAA Governance Conversation

On December 5, 2023, NCAA President Baker proposed a new Division I tier in which schools would be required to pay at least 50 percent of their male and female athletes a minimum of $30,000 annually and have no limits on how much schools could pay individual athletes for use of their NILs. Pundits suggest … Read more

Why is the Department of Education Office for Civil Rights Failing to Help Colleges and Universities Resolve the Current Name/Image/Likeness Chaos?

On August 1, 2023, The Drake Group sent its fourth request to the U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights asking that they issue existing Title IX guidance to colleges and universities to address sex discrimination in recruiting, publicity, promotion, and financial aid by name/image/likeness collectives (NIL collectives) they are directly and indirectly supporting. … Read more

Following Reports of Hazing and Abuse, The Drake Group Calls Upon Congress to Enact the College Athletes Bill of Rights

WESTPORT, CT – July 18, 2023. Prompted by last week’s reports about systemic sexual hazing, harassment, racism, and other abuse in Northwestern University athletics programs, The Drake Group renewed its call for Congressional action on the College Athletes Bill of Rights, sponsored by U.S. Senators Cory Booker (NJ) and Richard Blumenthal (CT). The legislation would … Read more

The Drake Group Meets with Government Officials to Request Issuance of Title IX NIL Guidance

On March 9, 2023, a delegation of Title IX and NIL experts from The Drake Group (TDG) met with Department of Education Office for Civil Rights (OCR) staff members to ask for the assistance of OCR to ensure gender equity and compliance with Title IX in the new chaotic environment created by NIL (name, image, … Read more

The Drake Group Letter to U.S. Dept. of Education/Office for Civil Rights — Request for Issuance of Title IX Guidance Addressing Recruiting Practices of NIL Booster Collectives

The Drake Group believes that the current NIL chaos can be relieved by DOE/OCR clearly and precisely warning institutions, their conferences, and national governance organizations of their obligations under existing Title IX requirements, explaining how those requirements apply to these new NIL-related activities, and warning that actions by “NIL booster collectives” will be attributed to the universities when appropriate. The … Read more

The Economics of College Sport

Andrew Zimbalist, Robert A. Woods Professor of Economics, Smith College; President-Elect, The Drake Group; author of Unpaid Professionals: Commercialism and Conflict in Big-time College Sports (1999), The Economics of Sport, I & II (2001), Unwinding Madness: What Went Wrong with College Sports and How to Fix It (2017) with Gerry Gurney and Donna Lopiano, and Whither College Sports (2021), explains the economics of … Read more

The Drake Group Examines 2023 Congressional Efforts to Alleviate the College Athlete NIL Chaos

Representatives of the NCAA, prominent athletic conferences, and athletics administrators have been pacing the halls of Congress asking their Senators and Representatives for federal laws that would negate the patchwork of state laws that gave college athletes name, image, and likeness employment rights outside their education institutions. Such employment is a good thing for athletes, … Read more